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MEKARN Regional Conference 2007: Matching Livestock Systems with Available Resources |
In the first experiment, quantities of bamboo root (80, 100, 150 g) were cooked in 1 liter of boiling water for 2 hours until the volume was reduced to 200 ml. The extract was allowed to cool and then given orally to goat which had pushed out the placenta but the uterus had retained dirty fluid (dirty fluid is dark brown). These dose levels were compared with the injection of Oxytocin (4 ml and an untreated control. Each dose was given to 3 goats. In the second experiment, aqueous extracts from 100,150, 200 and 250 g bamboo root were compared with injection of oxytocin (6 ml) for treatment of 3 goats that had retained the placenta.
An aqueous extract from 150g of bamboo had similar effect as oxytocin in reducing the time to eject the dirty fluid from the uterus of the goat after kidding. The aqueous extract from 200g of bamboo root appeared to be better than oxytocin in reducing the time taken to eject the placenta. The treatment with the highest level of bamboo root (250g/day) caused the death of the goats.
For a long time, during the process of controlling diseases, the Vietnamese have used many methods of curing by using traditional medicines. It is claimed that the traditional medicine can treat many diseases. Many traditional medicines are made from plants that are easy to grow and as a result the cost is low. For example, placenta retention in cows is normally treated by injecting oxytocin, but some farmers use the their hand to separate the placenta from the mother. But for goats, we cannot use our hand to separate their placenta because goats have a small body and using oxytocin has not always given good results.
The bamboo is a very familiar tree in Vietnamese. It is not only used for construction but also used as food (the young shoots) and as medicine. Specifically the root is used to treat placenta retention in goats and some other animals. The use of extracts from Bamboo to cure a range of diseases has been reported from India (Koche et al 2008).
After goats have given birth, the placenta should be rejected normally from their uterus within about 2 or 3 hours. If the placenta stays in the uterus more than 3 hours it is considered as “placenta retention”. If the placenta is left too long in the uterus, dirty fluid in the uterus is not pushed out of the matrix, microorganisms will invade the uterus, which causes the inflammation of the uterus and the mother goat may die because of microbial infection.. Besides that, placenta retention can result in impaired future reproduction of the goats.
For the above reasons it was decided to test the use of an extract from bamboo roots as a means of treating placenta retention.
This study was carried out at the Goat and Rabbit Research Centre (GRRC) in Northern Vietnam.
There were two experiments: the first with goats that had ejected the placenta but had retained the fluid; the second with goats that had retained the placenta. In the first experiment the 5 treatments were levels of dried bamboo root of 80, 100 and 150 (g per dose) a positive control treatment with Oxytocin (4ml), and a negative control with no treatment. In the second experiment, the treatments were dried bamboo roots at 100, 150, 200, 250 (g per dose), and a control treatment with Oxytocin (6ml) and a negative control with no treatment. The treatments were applied at random to 3 goats in experiment 1 and to 4 goats in experiment 2.
Each goat was kept in a separate pen, the area of which was 1.5 ´ 2 m, with a raised slatted floor 1m higher than the ground. The goats received a concentrate feed at 1% (DM) of live weight and fresh guinea grass ad libitum, with free access to water. The goats had been inoculated against F&M disease and Enterotoxaemia and treated with Ivermectin for internal parasites, before they became pregnant.
Roots were taken from bamboo trees (Photo 1). They were cleaned, then dried under the sunshine (Photo 2), then heated in a pan over a fire from 15 to 20 minutes until it turned a yellow color. It was then kept in a sealed plastic bag to prevent mould growth The different quantities of bamboo root (according to dose level) were cooked in 1 liter of boiling water for 1 to 2 hours until the volume was reduced to 200 ml. This extract was allowed to cool and then given orally to the goat, on three separate occasions: 4hr after kidding, then again 2 hours later, with a third dose after a further 2 hours. The dose was repeated on the 2nd and 3rd day. The positive control of Oxytocin was given by injection.
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Body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate and rumen movements were measured twice daily at 6.00 am and 5.00 pm for 7 days. A record was kept of the day/time when the placenta and fluid were ejected.
The data were analyzed statistically by using the ANOVA(ONE-WAY) program of the Minitab software, version 13 .The statistical model used in the analysis was:
Yi= µ + Ti + ei
Where Yi is the dependent variable , µ = the general mean , Ti = the treatment effect and ei = the experimental error
The highest dose rate with bamboo shoot extract appeared to be as effective as the injection of oxytocin in inducing a rapid ejection of the fluid from the uterus (Figure 1).
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Figure 1. Effect of bamboo root extract (BS) on time to eject the “brown” fluid from the uterus |
There were no apparent changes in physiological measurements related to the treatments
On the control and highest dose of bamboo root (250g) the goats died (Figure 2). However, at the 200g level, the positive effect of the bamboo root extract appeared to be better than when oxytocin was used.
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Figure 2. Effect of bamboo root extract (BS) on time to eject the placenta from the uterus |
All the physiological measurements showed the benefits of treatment with the 200g dose of bamboo root (Figures 3, 4 and 5), with normal values being attained on the third after treatment.
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Figure 3. Effect of bamboo root extract (BS) on rumen movements before and after treatment with bamboo root extract in goats with retained placenta |
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Figure 4. Effect of bamboo root extract (BS) on heart rate before and after treatment with bamboo root extract in goats with retained placenta |
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Figure 5. Effect of bamboo root extract (BS) on body temperature before and after treatment with bamboo root extract in goats with retained placenta |
An aqueous extract from 150g of bamboo had similar effect as oxytocin in reducing the time taken to eject the dirty fluid from the uterus of the goat after kidding.
An aqueous extract from 200g of bamboo root appeared to be better than oxytocin in reducing the time taken to eject the placenta.
The treatment with the highest level of bamboo root (250g/day) caused the death of the goats.
Koche D K, Shirsat R P, Imran Syed, Nafees Mohd, Zingare A K and Donode K A 2008 Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal survey of Nagzira wild life sanctuary, district Gondia (MS) India- part I. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. January 2008. http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/nagzira.htm
