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Effect of increasing area of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) relative to Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) on biomass yield, soil fertility and soil erosion

(20) Effect of increasing area of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) relative to Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) on biomass yield, soil fertility and soil erosion

Ngo Tien Dzung and T R Preston*

Goat and Rabbit Research Center, Sontay, Hatay, Vietnam
dzungvbdp@yahoo.com
* University of Tropical Agriculture, TOSOLY, AA #48 Socorro, Colombia
trpreston@mekarn.org

Abstract

An experiment was carried out at the Goat and Rabbit Research Center, Sontay, Hatay, Vietnam, from February 2003 to November 2004 to measure effects on biomass yield, soil fertility and soil erosion in response to increasing ratio of number of cassava rows to Flemingia macrophylla rows in an inter-cropping system. Two rows of Flemingia were associated with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 rows of cassava. Flemingia was planted first and cassava 14 days later. Fertilizer was applied in the form of organic manure (from mixed cattle and buffalo excreta) before planting at the rate of 2 kg/m2 fresh weight in the first year and the same amount again in March the second year. No other fertilizers were applied during the experimental period. The first harvest was made when the cassava reached 100 cm in height and subsequent harvests of the re-growth from 56 to 75 days. All the foliages were removed at 30 cm above ground level.

Biomass yield of cassava and Flemingia in an inter-cropping system was improved by increasing the number of cassava rows relative to cassava in the first year, but decreased slightly in the second year. The maximum biomass yield was obtained in the system with 2 rows of cassava and two rows of Flemingia. The crude protein contentof the cassava foliage deceased as the area of cassava rlative to Flemingia increased. Soil fertility over a 24 month period increased in the plots with the highest ratio of Flemingia and decreased as the ratio of cassava to Flemingia was increased. Protein content in the cassava foliage decreased linearly with decreased in soil fertility. Soil erosion was high in all plots in the first year and was directly related to the relatve area planted with Flemingia. In the second year soil eroson was much less and was inversely related to the proporton of Flemingia n the inter-cropping system.

It is concluded that the optmum ratio of Cassava to Flemingia, in terms of biomass yield and maintenance of soil fertility, is two rows of each planted alternately.

Keywords: Biomass, bio-test, cassava, Flemingia, foliage, inter-cropping, soil fertility, soil erosion