1 General considerations
1.1 Introduction
1.2
Limitations to "conventional" feeding standards
1.3
An alternative approach
1.4 Relating nutrient supply to productive state
2
Guidelines for developing feeding strategies for ruminants
2.1 Feeding the rumen microbes
2.1.1
Multi-nutrient blocks
2.1.2
Urea-molasses mixtures
2.1.2
Supplements of ‘green” forage
2.2
Feeding the animal
2.2.1
Sources of bypass nutrients
3
Feeding systems based on crop residues (straw, fibrous residues and stovers)
3.1
High-offer level feeding
3.2 Ammonification
3.3
Manipulating rumen protozoal populations
3.4
Strategic supplementation
4
Feeding systems based on high-biomass crops
4.1 Sugar cane
4.2 Molasses
4.3 Cassava
5
Feeding systems based on pasture
5.1
The grazing animal and sustainable use of natural resources
5.2
Multipurpose trees
5.2
The nutritive value of pasture associated with trees
5.2.1 Effects of shade
5.2.2
Supplementation
5.2.3
Mixed crop-tree-livestock systems
6
Dual-purpose milk and meat production systems
6.1 The principles; matching the
system with the available resources
6.2 Restricted suckling; effects
on calves and on the cow
7