DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF RUMINANTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE DIGESTIVE
TRACT OF HERBIVORES 2.1 Ruminant digestive tract 22
2.2 The rumen environment
2.3 Rumination
2.11 Rumen microbial ecosystem
3 RUMEN ORGANISMS
1 The phycomycetous fungi
2 Protozoa
3 Bacteria
11 Other organisms in the rumen
4 MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS IN THE RUMEN
4.1 Bacteria-bacteria interactions
4.2 Protozoa-bacteria interactions
4.3 Interactions of bacteria, fungi and
protozoa
4.4 Conclusions
5 ENERGY TRANSACTIONS IN THE RUMEN
5.1 Fermentation
of carbohydrate
5.2 Fate
of dietary fat in the rumen
5.3 Microbial
growth and fermentation
5.4 Factors
affecting the quantities of rumen microbes available for digestion in the small
intestines
5.5
Maintenance-ATP
(MATp) requirements of rumen micro-organisms
5.6
6 MODEL OF FERMENTATION IN THE RUMEN
6.1 Stoichiometry
6.2 Energy losses in fermentation
6.3 The balance of microbial protein to
VFA energy (P/E ratio)
6.4 Protein fermentation and P/E
ratio
6.5 Significance of P/E ratio
7 N-TRANSACTIONS
IN THE RUMEN
7. 1 Dietary
nitrogen .
7.2 Degradation of dietary protein in the
rumen
7.3 Outflow
of dietary and endogenous nitrogenous materials from the rumen
7.4 Peptides
and amino acids in runien fluid
7.5 Rumen
ammonia pool
7.6 Recycling
of N to the rumen from plasma urea
7.7 Urea
(ammonia) toxicity
7.8
Other sources
of non-protein nitrogen (NPN)
8 SULPHUR NUTRITION OF
RUMINANTS
8.1 Sulphur
utilisation in the runien
8.2
Toxicity of
sulphur
9 FERMENTATION IN
THE LOWER GUT
10 ABSORPTION OF
VFAs
11 BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYTICAL
METHODS
11.1 Introduction
11.2
Biological methods
11.2.1
Rumen fistulation
11.2.2
Manufacture of rumen cannulas from locally available materials
11.2.3
Rumen incubation with nylon bags
11.2.4
The use of rumen ammonia concentration to determine when urea supplementation
is necessary
11.2.5
Assay for by-pass protein in a supplement
11.2.6
Water soluble dry matter and nitrogen as indicators of nutritive value
11.2.7
Biological test of soil fertility
11.3 Chemical Analyses
11.3.1
Nitrogen and ammonia
11.3.2
NDF
11.3.3
Oil / fat
Literature
Animal
Nutrition (Edwards, McDonals and Greenhalgh)
Matching
Livestock Systems with Available Resources (Preston and Leng)
CDROMs
(UTAINFO1)
UTAINFO1 (Journal and Conferences)
FAO
APHP Series (Acrobat Reader needed; download from this web page)
Tropical
Feeds Version 8
Tropical
Animal Production
Livestock
Research for Rural development
Duckweed
Conference
Proceedings