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Research Cooperation
for Livestock-Based Sustainable Agriculture in the Lower Mekong Basin |
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Title: |
Developing integrated systems for converting agricultural and household waste to animal protein with
the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) |
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Institutions: |
University of Tropical Agriculture – Royal University of Agriculture
(Cambodia) and University of Agriculture and Forestry (Vietnam) |
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Lead scientists and institutions: |
Mr Lim Sonoden (UTA) Dr Tran Tan Viet (UAF) |
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Starting date: |
August 2001 |
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Budget: |
USD 5,740 |
Research grant application (SAREC Regional fund)
(2001-2003)
Project title : Developing integrated systems for converting agricultural and household waste to animal protein with the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.)
1.0 Applicant (or team of applicants)
1.1 Name(s): Mr
Lim Sonoden; Dr Tran Tan Viet
1.1.1 Name of
Team leader (where appropriate) Mr Lim Sonoden
1.2 Sex: Female
[ ], Male [X]
Details for team
leader only
1.3 Nationality :
Cambodian
1.4 Date of
birth: 10 May 1978
1.5 E‑mail
address: noden@uta.edu.kh
1.6 Fax number:
1.7 Telephone
number: 855 23 365445
1.8 Name of institution:
University of Tropical Agriculture – Royal University of Agriculture
1.9
Name
of immediate supervisors: Lylian Rodríguez and Dr Tran Tan Viet
2.0 Languages: Easily (E); Not easily (NE)
Read Comprehend
Speak Write
E NE E NE E NE E NE
English X X X X
3.0 Academic record (University only)
Name of
University: Royal University of
Agriculture
Dates: 1995 - 2000
Degree
obtained: BSc
Dates:
Degree obtained:
4.0 Work Experience`(give dates and employer):
October 1999 to
March 2001-05-06 Volunteer with Heifer Project International (HPI)
April 2001 to present date: Researcher in the University
of Tropical Agriculture Foundation
5.0 Previous and present position:
October 1999 to
March 2001-05-06 Volunteer with Heifer Project International (HPI)
April 2001 to present date:
Researcher in the University of Tropical Agriculture Foundation
6.0. Your publications
Lim Sonedon 2000 Small scale broiler production at the Station of the Royal
University of Agriculture. BSc Thesis.
Faculty of Animal Health and Production, Royal University of Agriculture
7.0 Scientific contacts (e-mail adddresses)
Dr Julio Ly (mailto:julioly@uta.edu.kh)
Dr T R Preston (trpreston@email.com)
Lylian Rodriguez (lylianr@uta.edu.kh)
Khieu Borin (mailto:borin@forum.org.kh)
8.0 References
Give the names
and addresses (by e‑mail if possible) of three referees
Dr Julio Ly (mailto:julioly@uta.edu.kh)
Dr T R Preston (trpreston@email.com)
Lylian Rodriguez (lylianr@uta.edu.kh)
Khieu Borin (mailto:borin@forum.org.kh)
9.0 The target groups:
9.1 Improving the
well-being of the Rural Poor
9.2 Sustainable
Use of Renewable Natural Resources
9.3 Increasing
biodiversity
(Your research
project should address one of the above issues)
The project aims
to contribute in all three areas.
10.0 The research you wish to undertake.
10.1 The problem to be addressed:
Recent work in Vietnam (Tran Tan Viet 2001, personal communication)
has shown that the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) is an
efficient converter of food wastes into animal protein (the pupae) and compost
(the residue). On household waste,
relatively rich in protein, conversion rates of 16 to 22% (fresh waste into
fresh pupae) have been obtained. The
pupae contain about 42% dry matter of which 40% is protein. The process of
conversion is rapid (about 48 hours) and the residue has been found to be an
excellent substrate for California Red worms (Tran Tan Viet 2001, personal
communication). A simple system has been developed at the University of
Agriculture and Forestry in which the pupae automatically leave the waste and
are easily collected for feeding to chickens (Tran Tan Viet 2001, personal
communication).
One of the objectives in integrated farming systems is to minimize waste by converting it through biological processes into products which can be recycled to the system. The Black Soldier Fly promises to be an important component of such systems for the reasons described above. For poor farmers in the Lower Mekong Delta the system of recycling of livestock wastes into energy and soil conditioner through biodigesters has had a major impact (Duong Nguyen Khang 2001, personal communication). The introduction of the Black Soldier fly technology will provide a complementary element, in the recycling strategy and, in particular, offers a means of generating animal protein for chickens, which are recognized as being the first “rung in the out of poverty ladder” for poor households (Todd 1998).
The aim of this project is to introduce the
Black Soldier Fly technology into Cambodia
as a potential element in the national strategy for poverty alleviation
in rural areas.
10.2 What is the hypothesis you wish to test?
- Feed wastage and excreta from livestock and people can be converted into a source of animal protein (the pupae) and soil conditioner (the residue) with simple technology using the Black Soldier fly.
- The pupae will be a lower cost alternative to fish meal and will increase the productivity of chickens in traditional scavenging systems.
- Earthworms will reproduce more rapidly when the substrate is first processed by the Black Soldier fly larvae
10.2.1
Work plan
The technology developed by Dr Tran Tan Viet in UAF will be transferred to the ecological farm of UTA-RUA in Cambodia as the first step in the demonstration and adaptation of the technology to local conditions, and later its validation at the level of poor households. Experiments will be done in UTA to develop the input-output data, using a range of substrates and sub-systems (eg: incorporation of California Red worms in the system).
Stage 1: Setting up the system
Dr Tran Tan Viet of UAF will make four visits at approximately 2-week intervals to the
UTA ecological farm in Chamcar Daung, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with the aim of capturing local sources of Black Soldier Fly, multiplying them and establishing the methodology for making the demonstrations and experiments. Under Dr Viet’s guidance UTA will set up the infrastructure (containers for the waste, structures for fly multiplication, measuring equipment and support personnel).
Stage 2: Experimentation and
demonstration
The following systems will be compared:
1.0 Conversion of food and feed wastes into Black Soldier Fly (BSF) pupae
1.1 BSF system
1.2 Earthworm (EW) system
1.3 BSF plus EW
In 1.1 the waste will be processed only by BSF the outputs being pupae and BSF compost.
In 1.2 the waste will be the substrate for California Red worms, the outputs being earthworms and earthworm compost
In 1.3 the residue after BSF processing will be the substrate for California Red worms (EW), the outputs being pupae, earthworms and earthworm compost.
Two types of residues will be compared:
(i) The residues of rice straw contaminated with manure and urine from cattle
(fed rice straw, a urea-rich supplement and cassava foliage), and the feed
residues (mainly stems and petioles) from goats fed water hyacinth and fodder
trees.
(ii) The residues from households (food wastage from the kitchen). The residues will be chopped, mixed and added daily to the containers inoculated with larvae from the eggs of the Black Soldier fly.
Stage 3: Soldier fly pupae as replacement for fish meal in supplements
for scavenging chickens.
90 crossbred (Tam Hao * Local) chickens will be produced by artificial incubation and reared in confinement on a standard starter diet for the first 4 weeks. They will then be divided into 9 groups each of 5 chickens and allowed to scavenge in individual enclosures with free access to a diet of broken rice and one of the following protein sources (iso-nitrogenous basis).
- DF: Dried whole fish
- SF: Soldier fly pupae
- DFSF: 50% dried fish and 50% fresh pupae (on isonitrogenous basis)
Composition of diets
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Diet DF |
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Diet SF |
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Diet DFSF |
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%fresh basis |
Protein in DM |
%fresh basis |
Protein in DM |
%fresh basis |
Protein in DM |
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Broken rice |
80 |
6.84 |
63.7 |
6.75 |
71.8 |
6.84 |
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Dried fish |
20 |
8.4 |
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0 |
8.97 |
4.2 |
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SF pupae |
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36.3 |
8.4 |
19.2 |
4 |
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Protein in DM, % |
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15.2 |
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15.1 |
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15.0 |
Measurements
Soldier fly production
Samples of feed residues, pupae and earthworms will be taken at 2-week intervals and analysed for dry matter, nitrogen, ether extracts and water-soluble dry matter and nitrogen (Ly and Preston 1997, 2001). The inputs (feed wastes) put into the system and the outputs (pupae, worms and compost) will be recorded. Biological tests (Nguyen Thi Mui et al 1996) using the growth of maize planted in the media will be made to assess the value as soil conditioner / fertilizer of the compost from the BSF and the EW.
Chicken growth
The chickens will be weighed at weekly intervals. Records will be of feed intakes and composition of feeds offered and refused (DM, water soluble dry matter and nitrogen and water soluble nitrogen).
11.0 Summary
One of the objectives in integrated farming systems is to minimize waste by converting it through biological processes into products which can be recycled to the system. Recent work in Vietnam has shown that the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) is an efficient converter of food wastes into animal protein (the pupae) and compost (the residue). The aim of this project is to introduce the Black Soldier Fly technology into Cambodia as a potential element in the national strategy for poverty alleviation in rural areas. The technology developed by Dr Tran Tan Viet in UAF, Vietnam will be transferred to the ecological farm of UTA-RUA in Cambodia as the first step in the demonstration and adaptation of the technology to local conditions, and later its validation at the level of poor households. Experiments will be done in UTA (i) to develop the input-output data, using a range of substrates and sub-systems (eg: incorporation of California Red worms in the system); and (ii) to replace all or part of the fish meal in supplements for scavenging chickens.
12.
Budget (Define the items and
estimate as closely as possible the approximate cost)
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Cambodia |
Vietnam |
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12.1
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Equipment
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Containers
for waste processing (8 units*3m²) |
800 |
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Structures
for fly multiplication |
300 |
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Weigh
scales (2) |
100 |
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Plastic
buckets and containers |
100 |
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Shelter
over the experimental area (100 m²) |
200 |
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Construction
of 24 pens for chickens and feed store |
600 |
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12.2 |
Expendable
supplies |
Chemical
reagents |
500 |
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Glassware |
500 |
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Feed
waste |
100 |
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12.3 |
Literature
/ internet and email |
Email
and internet costs |
240 |
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12.4 |
Local
and international travel |
Four
round trips HCM Phnom Penh |
100 |
600 |
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12.5 |
Extra
labour |
Support
personnel in Cambodia and Vietnam for attending to the experiments |
1200 |
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12.6 |
Other
costs (specify) |
Allowance
to Dr Viet |
|
400 |
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Sub-totals |
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4740 |
1000 |
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TOTAL |
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5740 |
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13.
Justification of budget items
Equipment
The required structure for the demonstrations and experiments has to be established in UTA.
Supplies
Chemical analyses have to be done in UTA for monitoring the experimental programme. Some feed waste has to be purchased.
Literature / email:
There will be frequent communication by email.
Labour:
Additional labour is required for looking after the experiments in Cambodia
Travel
Four visits by Dr Viet to Cambodia are required for setting up the technology and monitoring progress. Local travel is required in Cambodia.
Other costs:
An allowance (USD50/day) is paid to Dr Viet for the time (about 8 days) spent in Cambodia.
14. References
Ly J and Preston T R 1997 An approach to the
estimation of washing losses in leaves of tropical trees. Livestock Research
for Rural Development (9)
:http://www.cippaav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd9/3/ly931.htm
Ly J and Preston T R 2001 In vitro digestibility
estimates for pigs and water-soluble nitrogen values of N are interdependent in
tropical forage feeds. Livestock Research for Rural Development (13) 2:
http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd13/1/ly131.htm
Nguyen Thi Mui, Preston T R, Dinh van Binh, Le Viet Ly and Ohlsson
I 1996 Effect of management practices
on yield and quality of sugar cane and on soil fertility. Livestock Research
for Rural Development (8) 3:51-60
Todd Helen 1998 Climbing out of poverty through credit; or what do cows have to do with it?. Livestock Research for Rural Development. (10) 3: http://cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd10/3/todd103.htm
Certified by the Head of Department Applicant
May 5, 2001